What can lead to the suspension of the SOFA?

The suspension of the Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) can occur as a response to actions that threaten the safety and security of Japan or U.S. forces stationed in Japan. This is rooted in the fundamental purpose of the SOFA, which is to ensure the mutual defense and security cooperation between the U.S. and Japan. When either party perceives a significant threat to security—whether through hostile actions, military escalations, or severe incidents—it can lead to a reevaluation or suspension of the SOFA to protect national interests and regional stability.

This rationale emphasizes the importance of maintaining a secure environment for both Japan and U.S. forces, reflecting the broader geopolitical dynamics and obligations both nations share under the SOFA framework. In contrast, while disagreements over military operations, violations of international treaties, or changes in political leadership can impact relations and operational effectiveness, they do not directly lead to the suspension of the SOFA like threats to security do. Therefore, addressing the safety and security concerns directly ties into the rationale for any significant changes to the SOFA status.