What does Article V state about the duration of the agreement?

Article V of the Japanese Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) outlines the conditions under which the agreement remains in force. The correct understanding of this article indicates that the agreement is effective until terminated by either party. This reflects the nature of international agreements that can be maintained indefinitely unless one party decides to withdraw or terminate it, thus providing flexibility in its continuance.

The option that states the agreement is permanent unless mutually agreed to change suggests a rigidity that contradicts the intent of the article. While the agreement can endure for a long period, the ability for either party to terminate it is a crucial feature, ensuring if circumstances change, either side can exit the agreement without needing a mutual decision to change its status.

The suggestion of a fixed duration like five years from signing misrepresents the nature of the agreement, which does not specify an initial term that necessitates renewal or a specific timeframe for existence. Similarly, the idea that it is renewed annually is incorrect, as SOFA agreements do not typically operate on a renewal basis but rather continue indefinitely until one party formally terminates it. This flexibility is vital for maintaining military cooperation and operations without the hindrance of frequent renewals or stringent timelines.