What happens if a SOFA member is found guilty of a crime in Japan?

If a SOFA member is found guilty of a crime in Japan, they may face punishment under U.S. military law, which can include a court-martial. This is because the Status of Forces Agreement provides that the member is subject to the jurisdiction of their home military service for offenses committed while in Japan. Thus, the disciplinary action typically occurs within the framework of U.S. military law, which can lead to various forms of punishment including court-martial procedures rather than immediate deportation or civilian trials.

The unique nature of SOFA agreements emphasizes the relationship between the host nation and the foreign forces, providing a legal framework where military personnel are held accountable under military law. This allows for the enforcement of discipline and order within the ranks, ensuring military members are tried under the standards applicable to them in their service.